Analysis of the four major mistakes in the use of batteries

Batteries are an indispensable part of automobiles and can be divided into traditional lead-acid batteries and maintenance-free batteries. Because the battery uses a lead-calcium alloy as the grid, the amount of water decomposition generated during charging is low, and the amount of water evaporation is also low. In addition, the shell is sealed and the sulfuric acid gas is released. Therefore, it is compared with traditional batteries. , It has the advantages of no need to add any liquid, the connection pile head, the electric storage time is long and so on. Many people know the role and use of batteries, but some methods are wrong. Here are four major mistakes in using batteries.　　1. Mixed use of batteries in series 　　 In the use of batteries, sometimes new and old batteries are used in series. As everyone knows, this practice will shorten the service life of batteries. Because there are more chemical reaction substances in the new battery, the terminal voltage is higher, and the internal resistance is small (the internal resistance of the new 12V battery is only 0.015-0.018Ω); while the terminal voltage of the old battery is low, the internal resistance is larger (the 12V old battery’s internal resistance is only 0.015-0.018Ω). The internal resistance is above 0.085Ω). If the new battery and the old battery are mixed in series, the charging voltage at both ends of the old battery will be higher than the charging voltage at both ends of the new battery in the charging state. As a result, the new battery has not been fully charged and the old battery has been charged too high; in the discharged state , Because the charge capacity of the new battery is larger than that of the old battery, the result is that the old battery is over-discharged, and even the old battery is reversed. Therefore, the new and old batteries must not be mixed. 2. Diesel vehicle battery cell is damaged and continue to be used. Because the diesel engine compression is relatively large, the required starting torque is also relatively large, so the general diesel engine uses 24V voltage to start to increase the specific power of the starter, but the generator and the whole vehicle The electrical equipment still uses 12V voltage, so the diesel vehicle circuit is equipped with a voltage conversion switch. When starting, the conversion switch connects two 12V batteries in series and supplies power with 24V voltage. In the non-starting state, the conversion switch restores the two batteries. To work in parallel to meet the needs of 12V voltage. However, when a cell of one of the batteries is damaged, some drivers will short-circuit it and continue using it. This will cause a larger discharge current and charging current due to the unequal voltage of the two batteries, which will cause damage to the battery and the generator. Therefore, if the battery cell on the diesel vehicle is damaged, it should be replaced or repaired immediately, and the single cell battery can not be used after short-circuiting.　　3. The charge capacity of the battery does not match the engine. 　　 Reasonably selecting the charge capacity of the battery according to the engine type and operating conditions is one of the important ways to improve the economy of the battery and prolong its service life. When the starter starts the engine, the current output by the battery is very large, usually 150A-200A, and the output current is as high as 250A-300A when starting at low temperature (-10°C). If the charge capacity of the battery does not match the engine, and the charge capacity of the battery is too small, when the starting resistance is large, the battery with a small charge capacity will inevitably accelerate the reaction of the active material and sulfuric acid per unit time and increase the temperature of the battery when the battery with a small charge capacity is violently discharged. High, the electrode plate is bent due to overload, resulting in a large amount of active material falling off, and the electrode plate is damaged early, which greatly shortens the life of the battery. If the charge capacity of the battery is too large, although the above-mentioned problems will not occur, the active material cannot be fully utilized, which will reduce the economy of the battery. Therefore, the charge capacity of the battery must match the engine. Generally, the selection of battery charge capacity should be based on the power, voltage of the starter and the load of the electrical equipment.　　4. Parallel and mixed use of batteries 　　 Some drivers use a fully charged battery in parallel when starting the engine because the original battery is insufficient. In fact, a battery that is fully charged in parallel will charge the battery with insufficient charge with a large charging current, which will easily cause the active material of the plate to fall off and affect its service life. At the same time, the parallel connection of the batteries cannot provide a large starting current to the starter, which is even more unfavorable to the starting of the engine. The correct method should be to remove the battery with insufficient charge, replace it with a fully charged battery, and then start the engine.
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